System for tempering a room

ABSTRACT

A system for tempering a room is accommodated in a closure of said room, preferably in the floor. On the side of the closure facing away from the room an insulating plate (103) is located, which possibly has projections (18) arranged in the direction of the room. On the side facing the room a wall or floor covering (6) is foreseen. In the interspace between the insulating plate (103) and the outer layer (6), possibly between the projections (18), air can be circulated and a heating and/or cooling line (1) extends, said heating and/or cooling line being at least partially in connection with a thermal conductive sheet (17). The total surface of the thermal conductive sheet (17) exposed to the air flow is about twice as large at the surface of the thermal conductive sheet (17) which directly envelopes or contacts the line (1) and which is exposed to the air flow. The interspace is especially defined by a box section (17, 102) consisting preferably of several parts, of which one as a thermal conductive sheet (17) partially envelopes the line (1).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a system for tempering a room which isinstalled in a closure of the room, preferably in the floor, where onthe side of the closure looking away from said room an inner layer,especially an insulating plate, which possibly has projections to bearranged in the direction of the room, is foreseen, on which a wall offloor covering is foreseen on the side facing the room, and where in theinterspace between the inner layer and the outer layer, possibly betweenthe projections, air can be circulated and a heating and/or cooling lineextends, said line being at least partially connected with a thermalconductive sheet.

It is noted here fundamentally that the invention relates to theheating, as well as to the cooling of a room, and that it can beinstalled not only in the floor, but also in one or more of the walls orin the ceiling.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Previously, the recesses for accommodating the line foreseen between theprojections were constructed withsuch a height that air could becirculated over or under the line. This required on the one hand holdingdevices of special construction for the line, and on the other hand theheight of the tempering system between the inner layer and the outerlayer usually had to be twice as long as the diameter of the line.

In addition, it was previously assumed that the essential task of athermal conductive sheet is to transport the heat or the cold from theline to the surface of the construction, and to immediately distributeit over a larger surface. In the scope of the present invention it wasestablished that in the performance of this task only a modest portionof the heat can be transported, namely by conduction, so that thetemperature difference between the line and the surface of the closureis to be sure reduced, but that it is still too high. This leads to heataccumulation, and hence to the necessity of operating with, e.g. in thecase of warm-water floor heating, a higher supply temperature. Thiscircumstance reduces the economy of the heating system to a state whichis lower than if the supply temperature could be lowered further.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is the objective of the invention to improve a tempering system ofthe aforementioned type with regard to its economy, and to decrease thepossible heat losses by improving the distribution and utilization ofthe heat such that the supply temperature can possibly be lowered.

According to a further objective a further improvement is to be achievedon the one hand by avoiding heat energy losses in the direction leadingaway from the room and by good aerodynamic direction of theaforementioned air flow into the room, and on the other hand by reducingthe structural height, by which measure for the one part the heattransfer routes are shortened, and for the other part installation isafforded where it has previously been impossible due to the restrictedspatial conditions.

According to the present invention this objective is reached by thedistance between the inner layer and the outer layer preferably beingessentially equal to or only slightly deviating from the height of theline measured in the direction of the wall thickness, and by the totalsurface of the thermal conductive sheet being about twice as large asthe surface of the thermal conductive sheet directly enveloping the linebeing exposed to the air blow.

Surprisingly, by these measures a synergetic effect is achieved: For theone part the structural height of the tempering system can be kept to aminimum; for the other part either no or very much simpler holdingdevices are also necessary for the line. However, by the low structuralheight the problem is encountered that the air can no longer pass overor underneath the line, but that it must pass around the line, wherebythe heat transfer (which is also favored by the low structural height),is also impeded, for which reason according to the furthercharacteristics of the invetion an, "underfloor convector" is created,the given area ratio having shown to be preferred as the minimumdimension on the basis of tests.

These measures result in an overall substantially improved heat removal,namely in addition to by heat conduction also by convection, so that thesystem can be operated at low supply temperatures which were previouslyconsidered to be impossible, and the economy of the heating and/orcooling system is enhanced enormously. In many cases is sufficient tocirculate the air in the ducts only internally -- either by naturalconvection or by forced circulation -- to improve the heat removal fromthe heating and/or cooling line and therewith the temperaturedistribution over the closure of the room; it is however even moreexpedient to blow the heated air into the room in a manner which is assuch known.

However, if one speaks of the "outside dimension of the line", ingeneral its outside diameter is meant because generally the line willhave a circular or at least oval cross-section. In spite of theadvantage of being able to use conventional, commercially availablepipes or heating cable with circular cross-section, other cross-sectionssuch as square, or flat, rectangular can naturally even be preferred dueto the favorable surface area/volume ratio since the heat emission canthereby be improved.

In general the thermal conductive sheet will have full surface contactwith the line, but all cases are conceivable in which it can beexpedient for the thermal conductive sheet to envelope the line only atcertain points.

The system is preferably configured such that the limitation of theinterspace is given at least partially by a box section of rectangularcross-section, with which the heating line has a thermally conductiveconnection, the larger cross-sectional dimension of the box sectionextending parallel to the closure to be heated, and a layer of thermallyinsulating material being foreseen on its side looking away from theroom, and at least one heating line being accommodated inside thestructural height of the box section.

The previous constructions were based on the assumption that the heatingline would have to be accommodated in a duct of larger cross-section toenable air circulation. This has often led to relatively largestructural heights which could not be accommodated everywhere.

A construction with a box section has also already become known wherethe heating line had a thermally conductive connection (via metal webplates). However, the heating line was arranged relatively far outsidethe box section, so that on the one hand heat transfer could only beeffected via the relatively thin web plates and the heat losses to theside looking away from the room were relatively high, and on the otherhand the structural height corresponded to the height of the boxsection, plus the cross-section of the heating line and a distance givenby the web plates. By the embodiment according to the present inventionthe structural height is conversely reduced for practical purposes tothe height of the heating line, or in the case of several heating linesarranged one above the other to the height of these heating lines, andhence to at least half the heights of previous systems.

In addition, the heat transfer to the duct or ducts adjacent to theheating line, and hence also the efficiency, is also thereby improved.Finally, installation can also be simplified because the panel-like boxsections can be prefabricated together with the installed heating line,and at the construction site only the connection must then be made.

It is to be sure preferred for the box section accommodating the heatingline in its interior to consist entirely of thermally conductivematerial, especially of aluminium, whereby especially the manufacture,handling and installation is facilitated. On the other hand ainsulation, e.g. and insulating plate, is normally foreseen thereunder,which can possibly be foregone if on the side looking away from the roomthe box section itself consists of another, especially an insulatingmaterial than on the side facing the room, on which side the box sectioncan consist of a thermally conductive and/or heat retaining material.

Not only in this case, but also for other reasons has it proven to beexpedient for certain application for the box section to consist ofseveral parts which can be assembled, e.g. of a lower and an upper partwhich can be taken apart and put together. As will be shown later thelower part and the upper part can consist of the same, expediently of athermally conductive and/or heat-retaining material, possibly even forsimplification of manufacture of similar construction and then assembledtogether as e.g. matching identical pairs; on the other hand it sufficesfor only the upper part to consist of a thermally conductive sheet whichcan be placed on the lower part and envelopes the heating line at leastpartially. The lower part can then consist of plastic or anotherinsulating material.

It is also especially expedient for several box sections arrangedadjacent to one another to be joined to one another by means of anarrangement which can form e.g. a positive connection and can consist ofbucklings, bulgings or the like on the respective longer narrow side ofthe box section. The joining arrangement can simultaneously form thejoining fixture for a corresponding shaped upper part.

To achieve the given surface area ratio on the thermal conductive sheetand to circulate the air essentially obstruction-free next to the lineenveloped by the thermal conductive sheet it is preferred that inaddition to the duct accommodating the line and limited by the thermalconductive sheet at least one further air duct which has a thermallyconductive connection with the thermal conductive sheet and throughwhich circulated air is flowing, possibly also connected with the ductaccommodating the line, is foreseen, said air duct preferably beingconnected with the room to be tempered. if the thermal conductive sheetextends over the entire length of the line, its recess accommodating theline forms the one duct. On the outside of this recess at least onefurther duct can however be foreseen as an air duct, which either onlyprovides for uniform distribution of the heat inside the closure of theroom, or is also connected with the room, in which latter case a bloweris expediently connected with the air duct. In any case, due to the factthat a separate duct is assigned for the air circulation, the heattransport is highly favored. The thermal conductive sheet can howeveralso be interrupted, so that the interior of its recess accommodatingthe line is connected with the air duct.

However, isofar as the line lies in a groove which extends at an angleto an air duct, it has proven to be expedient for the cross section ofthis duct to be enlarged at that point at which it is intersected by theline, since after the installation of the system a part of thiscross-sectional area is occupied by the line extending transversely. Theduct floor can thus e.g. exhibit a trough. After the installation thefree cross-section available for the air circulation is nearly constantover the length of the air duct. The trough under the overcrossing linein the duct floor which consists mostly of an insulating material doesreduce the insulating effect at this point, but only so slightly thatthis reduction can be tolerated. Since as will be shown later a heatingline of serpentine configuration usually forms bend zones toward thelimiting ends of the closure to be heated, but occasionally also withthe installation of several heating registers in the middle of aclosure, the problem is encountered that the air from the duct spacesbetween the heating line sections connected by a bend zone can only beextracted out of or blown into the room if special measures are takenbecause otherwise it would be trapped between a possibly insulatingbaseplate and a outer layer if any .

The simplest solution to this problem is surely covering the bend zones,insofar as they extend along the wall, with an intake or an outletgrating. Another possibility is offered by the provision of a collectiveduct of larger cross-section than the heating line, whereas thiscollective duct can be located beneath the bend zone, or the bend zoneof the heating line is bent into the collective duct extending insidethe baseplate, so that the air can pass over this zone on the sidefacing the room to be heated.

Just in that case when a free space, namely an air duct is foreseen tothe side of a line especially when the system according to the presentinvention is being installed the danger of slipping exists, so thatattention must repeatedly be paid to correct positioning of the line,which causes a waste of time. For this reason, and for reasons ofimproved load disribution, it is advantageous according to a furtherembodiment of the invention for at least one holding device to beforeseen for the line enveloped by the thermal conductive sheet andextending next to an air duct, and for a projection --which ispreferably nearly lentile-shaped as viewed from above -- to be arrangedin a duct with a groove for accommodating the line, while an air duct isforeseen on at least one side of the projection, The projection can beformed of the insulating plate or mounted on it, or it can consist ofheat-retaining material. The preferred lentile-shaped configurationprovides a streamlined shape for the flow in the air duct.

It has already been mentioned that a type of "underfloor convector" iscreated by the invention. This designation is all the more justified inthe case that the thermal conductive sheet enveloping the line is fittedwith at least one rib, preferably at that point where the heated airdischarges into the room, to achieve the surface area ratio of thethermal conductive sheet mentioned above, said rib preferably extendingup to the next closure and especially in a plane transverse to the planeof the insulating plate or of the outer layer. Namely, by the extensionof the rib to the next closure it assumes an additional function andalso supports the thermal conductive sheet mechanically against thisclosure. This can be done to secure the position of the heat conductivesheet in a relatively wide duct of the insulating plate or -- if itextends in a plane transverse to the plane of the insulating plate -- toincrease the strength of the thermal conductive sheet in the case ofthat room closure in which it is installed being loaded, especiallywhere walking strength is required, i.e. floors.

The "underfloor convector" thus created provides high heat emission atthat point where it is especially desired, e.g. in the case of floorheating under the windows, thereby inducing natural convection throughthe air ducts, whereby under circumstances a fan or a blower which isotherwise necessary or advantageous to circulate the air can be omitted.

Such a system is also especially suited for cooling; in this case thewarm air first "falls" on the convector, where it is cooled andprecipitates its moisture as condensation water, which can easily becollected in a pan underneath the convector and removed. Problems ofcondensation water forming in the ducts are thereby avoided.

According to a further embodiment of the invention the hollow interiorof the line can be connected to an air circulation blower, as well as toa heat exchanger, the line having preferably at least one openingdischarging into the room, possibly at least one perforation holedischarging into an air duct. The heat exchanger serves either to heatup or to cool down the air which is blown through. The heat or the coldis given off to the thermal conductive sheet and is thereby uniformlydistributed over the closure of the room. If it has already beenmentioned that is it advantageous to circulate the air in the air ductby force using a blower, this is especially the case if air alsodirectly constitutes the heat transport medium, so that the blower thenperforms a dual function (heat transport and air circulation). This dualfunction comes especially to bear when the hollow interior of the linehas a connection with the room itself. If this connection is effectedvia an air duct, this constitutes a further measure for improveddistribution of the heat inside the closure of the room. This system isalso especially well suited for cooling because the condensate water canbe collected and removed in the same manner as described above.

By repeated internal recirculation of the air its temperature approachesthat of the line very closely and thereby distributes the heat evenbetter. However, this means that in the case of a heating system thesupply temperature of the line is very low, and in the case of coolingcan be held relatively high.

Further details ensue from the following description of embodimentsshown schematically in the drawing.

FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate a first embodiment, FIG. 1 being a plan view,FIG. 2 a perspective view of the insulating plate used and FIGS. 3 and 4sections through line III--III and line IV--IV respectively of FIG. 1.

With FIGS. 5 to 8 a further embodiment is elaborated, FIG. 5 analoguslybeing a plan view, FIG. 6 a perspective view of the insulating plate,while FIGS. 7 and 8 show sections through the lines VII--VII andVIII--VIII respectively of FIG. 5.

FIG. 9 illustrates another embodiment prior to or during theinstallation of the line, for which in

FIGS. 10 and 11 a modification is shown in plan view and in crosssection along the line XI--XI of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 illustrates a modification of FIG. 4 to achieve an especiallylow structural height, and

FIG. 13 shows in perspective view a further embodiment.

FIG. 13A shows a box section-like construction, together with twoembodiments of attendent, prefabricated plates arranged against the edgeof the heating line installation or of the room, of which

FIG. 13B illustrates two further embodiments.

FIG. 13C is a perspective cutaway drawing of another embodiment.Further,

FIG. 14 shows the construction in the area of the bend zone of theheating and/or cooling line according to a further modification.

FIGS. 15 to 18 show various versions of the cross-sectional form of thebox sections accommodating the heating and/or cooling line which areespecially of metal, such as aluminium, two embodiments beingillustrated with the left and the right side of FIGS. 17 and 18.

FIG. 19 shows an axonometric view of a thermal conductive sheet forinstallation of the heating line in one of the embodiments correspondingto the left side of FIG. 17, and

FIG. 20 shows a further modification in addition to those described byFIGS. 15 to 18.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

With the embodiment according to the FIGS. 1 to 4 a plate 207 isforeseen, which can consist of thermally insulating or heat-retainingmaterial. Against the room to be tempered (in the present caseespecially the room to be cooled) an outer layer 106 is foreseen (FIGS.3, 4), which can consist of a heat conducting or heat retaining plate,of plaster or the like. A duct-like, partitioned hollow space 204 toaccommodate a cooling line 1, possibly also a heating line, is foreseenbetween the insulating plate 207 and the outer layer 106. Line 1 can beconnected to a heat exchanger which according to season and desired roomtemperature is used for heating or cooling. For this purpose line 1 isconstructed as a hollow tube with a circular cross-section for conveyinga fluid heat transporting medium. Other cross-sectional shapes arehowever naturally also possible.

A thermal conductive sheet 717 with a recess 26 accommodating the line 1is arranged between the outer layer 106 and the insulating plate 207.The thermal conductive sheet therefore obtains its heat or cold from theline 1, with which it has a direct thermally conductive connection, anddistributes it over a larger area. Depending on the temperature gradientor on the "supply temperature", i.e. the temperature supplied via theline 1, the wings 37 of the thermal conductive sheet extendinghorizontally in FIGS. 3 and 4 accept the supplied temperature and emitit to the environment. One can assume that starting from an imaginedmiddle line through the recess 26 extending to the side edges of the twowings 37 the temperature curve corresponds nearly to an e function. Asis known such an e function curve exhibits a steep and a flatter branch,which are connected together by a gentle transition.

It was now established that the steeper branch (in which range the heattransfer proceeds more quickly and efficiently) can be exploited best ifsay the surface of the thermal conductive sheet 717 which is whollyexposed to the air flow, is preferably at least twice as large as thesurface area of the thermal conductive sheet which directly envelopesthe line 1. i.e. essentially the area of the recess 26, thecross-section of which has a circular arc shape.

The heating lines 1 which are usually installed parallel next to oneanother in a room closure extend in adjacently located thermalconductive sheets 717. These sheets can either overlap to avoidinterruption, or for bridging a strip of thermally conductive e.g.aluminium plate (not shown) can be placed over the two wings 37 of twoneighboring thermal conductive sheets 717. The heat transfer of suchoverlapping can be improved by the connection thereof by means of athermally conductive compound (e.g. enamel).

As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 4 a thermal conductive sheet 38, 238 canalso be arranged on the floor of the duct 204 and 12 which conducts theheat away from the heating line 1 away even better and offers the airflowing through the duct 12 more surface area for the heat transfer.Such thermally conductive parts 38 can also have a supporting effect aswill be shown later using FIG. 13 in the form of the ribs 214, 314 and414.

The insulating plate 207 is furnished with projections 118, 131 (FIGS.1, 2) which leave a hollow space 204 between them free to accommodatethe line 1 and the thermal conductive sheet 717. This hollow space 204is dimensioned relatively wide so that when the system is installed theline 1 with the thermal conductive sheet 717 inside the hollow space 204would as such not have a secured position. For this reason theprojections 188 furnished with grooves 304 are foreseen as braces insidethe hollow space 204 in predetermined intervals. The grooves 304 arearranged such that the line 1 takes up the position about in the middleof the hollow space 204 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. This hollow space 204is therefore divided into three channels, of which one channelaccommodating the line 1 is formed by the recess 26 of the thermalconductive sheet 717 itself, while on the outside of the thermalconductive sheet 714 on both sides of the line 1 an air duct 12 isformed. In this way the condition can easily be met that the totalsurface area of the thermal conductive sheet 717 which is exposed to theair flow is at least twice as large as the circular arc area (seen inthe cross-sectional view) which directly envelopes the line 1 and theoutside of which is exposed to the air flow.

Here, the FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate that in the area of theprojections 118 the air ducts 12 are diverted. To avoid a great increasein the air resistance every projection receives an essentiallystreamlined or lentil-shaped form. Both air ducts 12 (possibly also theinterior of the recess 26) are expediently connected to a blower or afan 133, as insinuated in FIG. 1. With this blower 133 the heat or coldremoved from the outside of the thermal conductive sheet 717 can beblown directly into the room to be tempered. In the case of spacecooling the system depicted can be installed in the ceiling, from wherethe cooled air falls uniformly to the floor. However, such installationalso depends on the given possibilities.

According to FIG. 1 the intake side of the blower is connected to theair ducts 12. It can however also possibly be the discharge side whichis connected to the air ducts 12. Which side of the blower 133 isselected is also dependent upon where the greater quantity of settlingdust is to be expected. Especially in large cities the room is generallysubjected to greater dust loading and should therefore (as opposed tothe illustration of FIG. 1) be connected to the intake side to preventraising the dust. In the line run a dust separator, i.e. which isgenerally a dust filter, can be foreseen to also provide for a cleaningeffect.

The embodiment according to the FIGS. 5-8 is similar to the one whichhas been described above and differs essentially only by the type andform of the duct routing, and consequently also of the projections. Thisembodiment permits the parallel lines 1 to be installed somewhat closertogether. While with the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4 thethermal conductive sheet 717 is completely enveloped inside the grooves304 of the projections 118 by insulating material, and hence preventedat these points from transferring the heat, in the case of the FIGS. 5to 8 the lentile-shaped projections 218 are split and staggered suchthat at those points at which there is a projection 218 on the one side,on the other side of the air duct 12 the thermal conductive sheet isexposed to the air flow (cf. especially FIGS. 6, 7). From FIG. 5 it canhowever be seen that to achieve sure holding of the line 1 or of thethermal conductive sheet 717 the projection halves 218 can partiallyoverlap one another, even though this is not necessary in all cases.Finally, the surface of the thermal conductive sheet exposed to the airflow is thereby also decreased somewhat. With an embodiment according tothe FIGS. 1 to 4 such a close arrangement of the supports is notnecessary; rather there the projections 118 can possibly be arranged inrelative large spacings, which consequently increases the area of thethermal conductive sheet 717 exposed to the air flow. In any case thearrangement is such that also in the area of the pads or projections118, 218 the cross-sectional area of the air ducts remains essentiallyconstant to avoid air backups, and to be able to dimension the blower133 with a relatively low power requirement and a high efficiency.

At this point it is mentioned that in the FIGS. 1 to 4 the line 1represents a tube which accommodates a heat transporting fluid, and thatin FIGS. 5 to 8 it is not shown at all, but that instead of a tubecables, heating wires etc. can be used in the known manner.

Even though the embodiments according to the figures discussed above arethermally advantageous and therefore preferred, using FIG. 9 it isdemonstrated that other constructions with ducts 311 extendingperpendicular to the line 1 are also conceivable. Such a duct 311therefore collects the heat of several adjacent lines 1 and cantherefore be designated a collective duct. Since with this embodimentthe line 1 and the thermal conductive sheet 717 are clamped betweenprojections 231, allowing emission of the heat only via the wings 37,the cross-ventilation shown is generally not used over the entiresurface of a room closure, but preferably in the area of the edges ofthis closure, or in the area of the discharges of the air ducts 12 (cf.FIGS. 1 to 8) into the room, which are then advantageously connected ina manner not shown with the collective duct 311.

It can be seen that in the case of a perpendicularly extendingcollective duct 311 the recess 26 of the thermal conductive sheet 717produces an obstruction in the flow path. To keep this obstruction assmall as possible, two measures have been implemented in the embodimentshown. On the one hand the insulating plate 407 has a trough-like groove39 lying in a common symmetry plane with the groove accommodating theline 1, said recess allowing the air to flow around the recess 26 of thethermal conductive sheet 717. The recess 39 naturally weakens theinsulating effect of the insulating plate 407, which in the case of alow depth of this trough 39 is not especially troublesome. However, tokeep it as shallow as possible, alternatively or additionally in thearea of the intersection of the line 1 the collective duct 311 can bewidened 40. It was surprisingly established as favorable for the trough39 to be limited by two light floor corrugations 41. In this manner,together with simultaneous fanning out of the air flow to the side(corresponding in the widening 40), a path of flow as shown by the arrow42 is obtained.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate a modification for an embodiment according toFIG. 9, where within a collective duct 411 a support is foreseen in theform of a streamlined projection 318. The groove 404 thereby passesthrough not only the projections 231, but also the pad projection 318;in general however this is not definitely necessary to give the line 1sure support. Such a construction is rather likely to be used whereafter passing through the pad projection 318 the groove 404 does notcontinue (in a straight line) on the opposite side, but connects to abend of the line which connects two parallel line sections.

Here, the problem of providing for obstruction-free air flow in thecollective duct 411 is again encountered, which is solved on the onehand by the trough 39, and on the other hand by the collective duct 411branching at the pad projection 318, in which case both duct branches511 can have e.g. the same width as the collective duct 411 in itsfurther continuation to increase the cross-sectional area of the duct411. As clearly shown in FIG. 11, where the corrugations 41 and thetrough 39 are insinuated by a dash-dot line, after insertion of thethermal conductive sheet 717 with its recess 26 the cross-sectional areaof the collective duct 411 becomes essentially constant, namely also inthe areas of its branches 511 bypassing the pad projection 318.

Not all buildings have the necessary space for the installation of atempering system, especially a floor heating system. It isconsequentlyed occasionally the objective to save structural height inorder to be able to install such a system in such buildings or roomsafter all. Even if the embodiment according to the present inventionalready affords an extremely low structural height comprisingpractically only the height of the line 1 itself as shown in FIGS. 3, 4,7, 8, 9 and 11, FIG. 12 illustrates how the structural height can bereduced even further.

For this purpose a relatively shallow trough 42 accommodating part ofthe recess 26 of the thermal conductive sheet 717 is foreseen in theinsulating plate. For the one part the weakening of the insulationeffect of the plate 607 is low, for the other part it is especiallynegligible when the adjoining room must also be tempered in any case andthe heat lost to one room is gained by the other.

It must however be noted that the decrease in structural heightsacrifices cross-sectional area of the air ducts 12, for which reasonthey are preferably widened or the projections 131 are narrowed. It ispossible that -- in the very case of floor heating systems -- this willlead to decreased walking strength, which can be compensated byreinforcing the thermal conductive sheet 717 correspondingly. Thisreinforcement can be effected either simply by a greater materialthickness, or by using stiffening ribs as is described below using FIG.13. The reinforcement with ribs (in spite of possibly highermanufacturing costs) is to be preferred insofar as this simultaneouslyresults in a further increase in the heat emission surfaces of thethermal conductive sheet.

One problem with the embodiment incorporating a reduced structuralheight according to FIG. 12 might be seen in that just at that point atwhich the insulating effect of the plate 607 is reduced, the passage ofthe heat of the line 1 or of the thermal conductive plate 717 whichenvelopes or contacts it to the air ducts 12 is poorest, and a heataccumulation will therefore occur at this point.

Therefore, to improve the removal of the heat, at least in the areabetween the line 1 and the thermal conductive sheet 717 opposite thetrough 42 a thermally conductive compound 43 (e.g. enamel) is foreseenwhich provides a good thermally conductive connection between the parts1 and 717, thereby avoiding heat accumulations in the area of the trough42. The gap area provided with the thermally conductive enamel 43extends at least somewhat farther than would correspond to thedimensions of the trough, and such a compound 43 can also be foreseene.g. in the case of FIG. 4 insofar as the condensate water channelsformed by the beads 38 are not needed, e.g. when a thermal conductivesheet with such beads 38 is used for a heating system.

It was already mentioned that the cross-sectional shape of the line isunessential for the invention. Hence, if say a line 101 of squarecross-section is used, the recess 126 of the thermal conductive sheet817 has a corresponding cross-sectional shape.

To further reduce the structural height of the system a flat rectangularcross section can also be used for the line, but it is noted that inthis case although a relatively large rectangular surface is availablefor the emission of heat to the outer layer 106 (not shown in FIG. 13),an equally large rectangular surface faces the insulating plate 607. Toavoid heat accumulations at this point, a thermally conductive enamelshould be foreseen in the gap between the thermal conductive sheet andthe line, and/or a gap is foreseen between the thermal conductive sheet817 with its recess 126 and the insulating plate 607. This can beaccomplished e.g. by short ribs separating the bottom 44 of the recess126 from the insulating plate aid ribs serving not only as spacers, butalso as heat emission surfaces. In the case of a cooling system thespace remaining free under the bottom 44 of the recess 126 can also beused to remove the condensate water. It can however not be overlookedthat by virtue of this spacing at least of part of the structural heightis lost. Another possibility of creating a channel for removing the heatfrom the bottom 44 of the recess 126 would be the provision of alongitudinal trough in the insulating plate 607 which is covered by theedge 44. If desired, from this longitudinal trough a connection canthereby also be made to the air ducts 12, such that the trough extendsserpentine-like over the length of the hollow space 304.

In the case shown in FIG. 13 the hollow space 304 is made relativelywide, and it has already been mentioned above that in such a case ribs214 perpendicular to the plane of the insulating plate 607 or diagonallyin the shape of formwork can be foreseen to increase the strength orwalking strength. These ribs also serve to enlarge the heat emittingsurface and can be e.g. T-shaped or double T-shaped. In the former casethey are expediently welded to the thermal conductive sheet 817.

In the second case it may suffice to merely place them on the floor ofthe hollow space 304 and to cover them with the thermal conductivesheet.

To secure the thermal conductive sheet 817 in its lateral positionbetween the air ducts 12 and inside the hollow space 304 it is notnecessary to foresee pad projections as in the embodiments describedabove which due to their insulating effect impair the heat transfer.Rather, e.g. an L-shaped rib 314 can be arranged at every or only at oneedge of the thermal conductive sheet 817, and/or a transverse rib 414can extend from a T-rib 214 to the wall of the neighboring projection131. In any case instead of an insulation as with the pads 118, 218 aremarkable enlargement of the heat emitting surface is thereby obtained,so that here the designation "subsurface convector" is especiallyappropriate. The number of ribs 214 is naturally optional.

A further measure to enlarge the surface of the thermal conductive sheet817 can consist in the construction of relatively short, bead-shapedtransverse ribs 45 which can also extend in longitudinal direction ofthe hollow space 304, which however by their (preferred) transversedirection contribute rather to the strength of the thermal conductivesheet. Instead of transverse ribs 45 pad-like depressions 46 can bedistributed over the entire surface of the wings 37 of the thermalconductive sheet (only two are shown).

According to FIG. 13 the line 101 is connected to a blower 233 as wellas to a heat exchanger of known type which is not shown for the passageof air as a heat transport medium. It is on the one hand expedient forthis heated air to be blown directly into the room to be heated so thatlosses are not incurred by the very heat transmission; on the other handit is not always expedient to install several line tubes open at theend, thereby discharging into the room. Finally, the heat is distributeduniformly over the closure, even if air is forced through the air ducts12 which as such would require an additional blower 133 (see FIG. 1).

Therefore, in order for a single blower to suffice and to still providefor good heat distribution, a distance a can be left free between twothermal conductive sheets 817. Within this distance at least oneperforation 47 can be foreseen in the line 101 conveying the air whichis configured either in the manner shown as a drilled hole, or also as asection cutout of the side wall of the line. But in particular withdrilled holes the hole cross section can easily be dimensioned such thatonly a part of the warm discharges into an interspace with the distancea, and another is directed up to the next distance a. If suchperforations 47 are foreseen, it is also especially expedient for theair ducts 12 to be connected with the room e.g. via a collective ductextending near the edge of the closure of the room. With a line 101 ofsquare or rectangular cross section the drilling of perforations 47through the even surface is especially facilitated, such a line having alesser tendency on installation to twist, whereby after the drilling ofthe perforations 47 their direction to the respective side is definitelyassured. The holes can possibly also be drilled somewhat diagonal to thedirection of air flow to facilitate the outflow of heated air into theair ducts 12.

In FIG. 13A heating lines 1 insinuated by dot-dash lines (with currentor a fluid as an energy medium) are installed in a box section 2. Thisprofiled plate 2 consists of a baseplate 7 of insulating material suchas polystyrol or polyurethane hard foam. The plate 7 has slots 8 inpredetermined spacings, into which a metal strip 9 can be inserted. Theedged ends of profiled thermal conductive sheets 17 can be inserted intogrooves 10 of these metal strips 9, which in a recess 26 accommodate aheating line 1. Heat is thereby directly transferred from the heatingline 1 to the thermal conductive sheet 17, from which the heat goes toone of the ducts 12 formed between thermal conductive plate 17 andbaseplate 7, and from there discharged via the circulated air into theroom to be heated.

By this arrangement not only a space-saving and thermally efficientdesign is created. But a covering by means of an overlying plate canpossibly also be foregone which up to this point was required on the onehand for better distribution and radiation of the heat into the room,and on the other hand for improved distribution of floor loading withfloor heating systems since the box section shown can be of asufficiently stiff and self-supporting construction. In case anadditional stiffening is required, T-shaped supporting strips 114 can beinstalled in further slots 112 in the baseplate 7 which can possibly befitted with stiffening ribs 127 to improve their own supporting actionand to limit their penetration depth into the slots 112.

To facilitate the installation of the box section 2 it can be desirableto make the baseplate 7 not out of a single piece, but out of strips ofa width of about that of the thermal conductive sheets 17, which thentogether form panel-like plates 2. These strips can be connected e.g.with dowels between the baseplate strips.

As a supplement to the box sections 2, according to a preferredembodiment of the invention a prefabricated plate 3, 3a or 3b can beforeseen, which i.a. is to accommodate the bends 1a of the heatingline 1. For purposes of clarity the floor heating system is shownexploded in FIG. 13A, but in practice the plates 3, 3a or 3b arenaturally installed in contact with the profiles 2.

Every plate 3 has at least one groove 4 or 4a to accommodate the bend 1aof the heating line 1. This groove 4 or 4a takes over the convection airto or for adjacent ducts in which the heating line sections connected toone another are installed, and serves these two ducts as a collectiveduct. As can be seen in the comparison of the grooves 4 or 4a they canhave any given cross-sectional form, i.e. round like the groove 4, ortrough-shaped with a further groove 4a extending on the inside toaccommodate the bend 1a. Square or rectangular cross sections or V crosssections are also possible.

The grooves 4, 4a or 4b can also be made only during the installationwork at those points at which the bends 1a are installed. However, theedge plates 3, 3a or 3b are preferably already made in the form shown,whereby manufacture becomes cheaper.

The grooves 4 or 4a align essentially with the recesses 26 of the boxsection 2. An air duct is thereby created which is also bent in the areaof the bends 1a. This may be of advantage for certain constructions; therespective groove 4 or 4a can especially even serve as a guide formaking the bend 1a of the heating line 1. The bend for the convectionair however constitutes a resistance to the flow, namely opposite theducts 12, which could reduce the efficiency of the arrangement. For thisreason convection grooves 5b are preferably foreseen which provide theconnection to the ducts 12. In addition, to remove the heat, grooves 5,5a can emanate say ray-like from the grooves 4 or 4a and discharge atthe oppostie edge of the plates 3, 3a, 3b.

For large rooms it might be expedient to foresee two or more heatinglines 1, and hence e.g. also to arrange a row of plates 3 in the middleof the room. In this case it is especially expedient for the groove 4forseen for accommodating the bend 1a of the heating line 1 and thegroove 5 foreseen for taking in or discharging the convection air to beof symmetrical construction especially at their zone of contact, so thatthe adjacent heating line can be installed in them. For this purpose adoubly wide space corresponding to two bends 1a in the area of thetangential discharges of the two grooves 4, 5 is foreseen in the middleof the plate 3.

If however the respective edge plate 3, 3a or 3b is installed in theedge area of the room, then the convection grooves 5 or 5a form channelsabout in the continuation of the recesses 26 of the thermal conductivesheets 17 through which the heated air in the space can reach theadjoining closures, e.g. through slots at the side. However, as such asingle channel would suffice, which can possibly also be constructed ofonly one groove 5a. This groove emanates ray-like from the groove 4.Hence, the plate can be of symmetric construction.

As shown in FIG. 13B at the left of the vertical middle line it is notnecessary for a heating line to be installed in each of the grooves 4.Several of these grooves or also only one groove can remain empty. Thebends of the grooves 4 can also be of U-shape with parallel legs.Further, a through groove 11 extending transversely to the grooves 4and/or to the grooves 5 over the plate 3, 3a, 3b can be foreseen as acollective duct which possibly accommodates the supplying heating line 1to the otherwise serpentine-installed floor surface. However, the groove11 can preferably remain free. The same naturally applies analogouslyfor the embodiments such as are shown in FIG. 13A. The free groove 11forms a further collective duct, through which the air flow from or toseveral grooves 4 or 4a is distributed. The groove 11 thereforehomogenizes the temperature distribution from several bend zones 1a. Ifdesired to facilitate working, instead of a single-piece plate 3b theplate can be in two pieces as is shown to the right of the middle lineof plates 103, 203 in FIG. 13B. In this case in the transition range theducts in the plate 203 should be wide enough that the convection flow isnot disrupted even with installation tolerances.

After the installation of the plates 2 and 3, 3a or 3b and the insertionof the heating lines 1 a usual cover of thermally conductive material,e.g. in the form of an aluminium plate 6, or of a heat-retainingmaterial, e.g. in the form of a prefabricated concrete slab, can beapplied. However, this can also be omitted because of theself-supporting design of the profiles 2. If desired, in particular theconvection ducts 4, 5 can also be covered by heat-retaining plates 6, onwhich the floor covering (not shown) is directly laid, whereby theconcreting shut of these grooves is avoided with surety.

Moreover, if necessary the grooves, as also seen from the descriptionbelow, can also accommodate two heating lines 1 which e.g. intersect orwhich are adjacent to or on top of one another over a short section,especially -- but not exclusively -- where the heating medium issupplied or removed, or if the room to be heated has an irregular floorplan or niches and the like.

As already mentioned above, on the cover 6 a plaster covering (notshown) can be applied directly to the box sections 2. At this point ifdesired prefabricated elements such as tile panels or the like can beinstalled.

Another construction according to the present invention is shown in twoembodiment modifications in FIG. 13C. An insulating plate 107 has steps31 at regular spacings, between which recesses are formed, in which boxsections 602 and 702 are inserted. This arrangement is advantageouswhere due to lower heating intensity the heating lines are to beinstalled in greater intervals. The spaces between the steps 31 thenhave a width which just corresponds to the width of the box sections602, 702.

Each of the two box sections 602, 702 consists of thermally conductivematerial, especially of aluminium, each of which accommodates on theinside a section of a heating line 1, which is to be connected via abend 1a with the heating line section of the adjacent box section. Inthis way the installation of the heating system is simplified insofar asonly the insulating plate 107 is installed and the panels 602, 702 mustbe inserted between the steps 31 (which can be done by unskilledworkers), whereafter only the individual heating line sections must beconnected with one another and with the heat source.

However, if the heating panels 602, 702 have not already beenprefabricated, after the installation of the insulating plate 107 firstthe basic parts 613 or 713 of the two-piece box sections 602, 702 areinstalled, and then the associated section of the heating line 1 isinstalled. To prevent the heating lines from slipping inside the boxsections the basic parts 613, 713 of the two box section profiles 602,702 have a wavy profile which forms a recess 626, 726 accommodating theassociated section of the heating line. This recess 626 or 726 can befurnished transverse to its longitudinal extension with beads or ribs(not shown) or longitudinally with a corrugation to clamp the heatingline 1 after it has been installed. It is to be noted however that therespective heating line 1 thereby has a thermally conductive connectionwith the box section 602 or 702 only via these ribs or corrugations,which can deteriorate the heat transfer.

This problem can be solved as will be expounded later using FIGS. 19 and20, namely by the respective recesses hugging the heating line 1slightly more than 180 degrees, yielding two advantages: on the one handan even larger heat transfer surface is produced; on the other hand withonly slightly springing or elastic construction of this recess and/orthe outer wall of the heating line a clamping action is obtained whichfacilitates installation work.

After the heating line sections are installed in the respective basicparts 613 or 713 the respective upper parts 813 or 713 can be placed ontop. In the case of the box section 602 it can be seen that a height Hcorresponds about to the diameter or (in the case of an angular crosssection of the heating line 1) the height of the heating line 1, plusthe material thicknesses of the box section 602 itself, as well as anyclearance, so that the total structural height is kept low. This alsoresults in even further improved heat transfer, and the removal of thisheat is not only not obstructed, but even improved because of therelatively large cross section of the remaining convection ducts 12. Toincrease the carrying capacity on the one hand, and to secure the heightH on the other, inside the box section 602 supporting webs 14 can bewelded on or formed along with the section when it is rolled. It can beseen that one of the webs 14 is connected with the basic or upper part613 or 813, but both (or several) can also be connected respectivelywith one of the two parts 613 or 813 as will be seen at a later point inthe description.

To secure the upper part 813 on the basic part 613 the latter is fittedon its longer narrow side with a nose 129, over which the bordered edge229 of the upper part is pulled by its springing open and catchingbehind the nose. If for any reasons it is desirable to easily open thebox section 602 at a later time, instead of the nose 129 a row ofwart-like projections can also be forseen along the narrow side of thebox section 602, over which the bordered edge 229 can be pulled moreeasily in both directions.

In the case of the box section 602 the upper and the basic part 613 and813 are of different construction. For reasons of stocking andmanufacturing large series it can however be expedient to foreseesimilar parts. This is realized in the box section 702, which consistsof similarly formed parts 713. An additional, surprising advantage isrealized in that the similar construction of the two basic parts 713 ofthe box section necessitates a recess 726 also being foreseen in bothparts 713 which envelopes the heating line 1. The surface effecting theheat transfer from the heating line to the box section 702 is therebyenlarged even further, resulting in an energetic advantage. In such acase it is easier to come back to the aforementioned beads, ribs orcorrugations to achieve a clamping effect for the heating line 1.

In the area of the heating line bends 1a a special plate 303 is arrangedin front of the insulating plate 107. This plate has a collective duct111 which is to take over the heated air from the ducts 12. However, dueto the facts that the height H of the box sections 602, 702 correspondabout to the thickness of the heating line 1, and the plate 303 has abase 32 of the same height, so that the height of the collective duct111 corresponds to only about that of the heating line 1, undercircumstances the flow from the ducts 12 or through the collective duct111 can be obstructed, which can cause undesirable heat accumulations.To overcome this problem two extensions of the collective duct 111 areshown by FIG. 13C for facilitating the flow of the heated air (or of theair flowing into the ducts 12).

Opposite the box section 602 convection grooves 105 are foreseen in thecontinuation of the ducts 12 inside the collective duct which arepreferably connected by at least one tansverse groove 211 possiblyextending along the entire collective duct 111. As already explainedusing FIGS. 13A and 13B the grooves 105 and 211 can have any given crosssection, e.g. square, rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal, the lastmentioned forms being of greater advantages because they facilitateforming the plate 303 consisting of polystyrol or polyurethane hardfoam, possibly also of concrete, expanded clay or the like. If desired,here as well the plate 303 can consist of two pieces, of which the onepart is formed essentially alone by the base 32. Through the grooves 105and 211 the convection air can then bypass the heating line bends 1athemselves if a cover plate 6 as shown in FIG. 13A is to be placed overthe collective duct 211.

In most cases the tempering system according to the present inventionwill be a space heating system, even though in this manner cooling isalso conceivable. But while for cooling an arrangement of grooves 105,211 below the level of the box section is expedient because the cooledair flows along the lower level in any case, for the heated air it is ofgreater advantages to provide for a flow path upward or on the upperside. This can be done simply by the collective duct 111 being coveredby a grating, through the openings of which the warm air enters theroom. Such a solution is possible in any case, regardless of whether thetempering system is foreseen for the floor, a vertical wall or for theceiling. However, for floors a grating box 122 can also be foreseenwhich has on at least one of its surfaces a ventilation grating 120 orlouvers, and the inside of which is preferably utilized foraccommodating a cross-flow blower, the rotor 33 of which is insinuatedin FIG. 13C only schematically.

Another solution is illustrated in the collective duct 111 opposite thebox section 702. In said duct is foreseen a surface 403 inclineddownwards toward the base 32 which thereby increases the cross sectionof the collective duct. Depending on the use of the tempering systemaccording to the present invention for cooling purposes a duct space ofessentially triangular cross section can therefore remain beneath thebend 1a of the heating or cooling line, or for heating purposes the bend1a of the heating line 1 can be bent downward in the manner shown(dash-dot line) far enough that an overlying free space is created forthe convection air.

The plates 3, 3a, 3b, 103, 203 or 303 will frequently be arranged on theedge of a surface to be heated as edge plates. If the arrangement shouldbe such that the opening of the convection ducts toward the room isforeseen from say a wall perpendicular to the floor which thereforehouses a convection shaft, it will be necessary to interrupt the base 32by a cut-out 34, thereby creating a connection between the collectiveduct 111 and the convection shaft. However, with a newly planned housethe arrangement can be planned such that immediately under theconvection shaft a slot opening remains in the masonry, into which thefinish-assembled heating line bends are inserted. In this case acollective duct is to be foreseen in the masonry, from which one or moreconvection shafts or other openings ducts leading to openings in theroom branch off.

As also shown in FIG. 14 each of the box sections 102 is not of singlepiece construction, but consists of a basic part 13 with web plates 14arranged perpendicular thereto. The side limitation walls 15 or 16 ofeach basic part 13 are preferably fitted with a meshing profile, so thaton installation firm adherence is assured. Thermal conductive sheets 17rest on the basic parts 13, and the heating line 1 is inserted in therecesses of said sheets. The recesses 26 of the thermal conductivesheets 17 are preferably to be dimensioned such that the respectiveheating line 1 is clamped therein with a fitting seat, whereby it cannotbe shifted.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 13A a cover plate 6 can alsobe foreseen here (insinuated by dash-dot line). If in such a case thecollective duct 111 would not be foreseen, the heating line bends 1a,for which pads or half-pads 18 forming guides in space 104 can beforeseen, constitute a flow obstacle. Conversely, the convection air canflow unobstructed through the collective duct 111, which is expandedperpendicular to the plane of the heating line bend 1a, according to thearrows 19 pointing downwards.

Since the plate constructions 102 themselves preferably consist ofmetal, thereby providing for uniform heat distribution, and also form abase for a wall, ceiling or floor covering, the plate 6 can be omittedor the plaster immediately apply, whereby not only material but alsospace is saved, additionally achieving a reduction in costs. In thiscase it is advantageous for the space 104 and a possibly (especiallywith a prefabricated plate 103) foreseen duct 111 to be provided with acovering 22 which forms a collective duct 211 extending above the planeof the heating line bends 1a and has e.g. at least one of theillustrated ventilation gratings 20 or 21. This solution is insofaradvantageous in that the heated air discharging from the ducts 12 canrise as shown by the arrows pointing upwards 23 in the direction of itsnatural flow. However the solution shown in FIG. 14 is to be regarded asonly an example, because the collective duct 211 located above the bends1a can also extend inside a closure of the room and e.g. vertically, inwhich case a corresponding ventilation grating can also be arrangedvertically in the wall.

The plate constructions 102 can naturally also consist of other metalsthan light metals. Hence, say galvanized steel sheet is possible, butthe use of light metals unites the advantages of low weight, highthermal conductivity and high stiffness and carrying capacity. In viewof the higher temperatures resistance to corrosion is also emphasized asan advantage of light-metal plates. However, at this point it is notedthat the design shown is by no means limited to heating systems, becauseit can easily be comprehended that when tubes 1 are used a coolingmedium can be sent through them instead of a heating medium. In thelatter case it will however be expedient to install the tubes 1 eitherin the ceiling of the room to be tempered, from where the cool air candescend, or -- say in the cover 22 or in a corresponding collective ductin the wall -- to install a blower to supply the cool air from below tothe room.

It has already been mentioned with reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B thatthe edge plates 3, 3a or 3b need not necessarily be installed at theedge of a room, say when each of two heating line systems covers a partof the room to be tempered, so that e.g. in the middle heating linebends are to be arranged and preferably edge plates foreseen. Acollective duct 111 can also be arranged in the middle of the area to betempered. The dimensions of this collective duct can be matched to meetthe respective requirements, all the more because it is not definitelynecessary to support the heating line bends 1a in the area of the space104 by the base of the plate 103 shown in FIG. 14.

Reference has already been made to the advantages of the plateconstruction 102. An especially simple construction can be seenreferring to the plate construction 202 in FIG. 15. The accommodation ofheating lines in metallic supports is, to be sure, already known, butthe height of the preceding designs is several times that of the heatingline, resulting in a high spatial requirement. The installation of theheating line has often also required a lot of effort because for theheating line only bores had been foreseen, through which it first had tobe pulled. For this purpose a certain clearance between the clear borecross section and the heating line diameter was naturally necessary,which certainly did not favor the heat transfer. In addition, either aneven upper or and even lower surface was lacking. Conversely, with theplate constructions 102 to 502 according to FIGS. 14 to 18 it is ifdesired quite possible to arrange them one above the other withoutobstruction their function. The basic part 113 of the plate construction202 according to FIG. 15 can be obtain simply by bending or deep drawinga plate. In this basic part 113 a thermal conductive sheet 17 can thenbe installed, the lateral position of which (if for this purpose sidewalls of the basic part 113 are not foreseen) can also be secured as inFIG. 14 by bordered side edges 24. Over at least a part of its surfacethe thermal conductive sheet 17 can be furnished with corrugations orbeads in longitudinal or transverse direction, for the one part toimprove the heat emission, for the other part -- as shown with thetransverse ribs 25 in the area of the recess accommodating the heatingline 1 -- to fix the heating line correspondingly by clamping. The plateconstruction 302 according to FIG. 16 is built up in the form of a boxof two basic parts 213, 313 which can be held together by a snapconnection not shown. In addition to the thermal conductive sheet 17 thebox-like construction can contain a further such sheet 117. In any case,the gaps shown in the FIGS. 15 to 18 may not conceal the fact that allmetal parts are close together to achieve good heat transfer. Forimproved support of the heating line 1, which here is located about inthe middle of the box-like plate construction 302, an additional support27 can be foreseen which can consist either of a correspondingly cut andwelded-on transverse plate, or of a correspondingly profiled, bent metalstrip. However, the edge 24 of the thermal conductive sheet 17 can alsobe bent to form a rectangle (viewed in the cross section), so that itextends not only downward, but also along a section of the floor of thebasic part 213 and upwards again, thereby supporting its own upper sidewith its edge end.

FIG. 17 shows a plate construction 402 which is divided into two partsby a horizontal middle line 28, in each of which a heating line can bearranged one on top of the other. If this possibility is exploited, athermal conductive sheet 217 is to be used, the steps of which seen inFIG. 17 leaves the required space in the upper part of the sheetconstruction 402 to accommodate a second heating line. Otherwise athermal conductive sheet 317 can be used (left side of FIG. 17). Similarto the basic part 13 of FIG. 14 the part 413 of FIG. 17 has verticalwebs 14 to support the thermal conductive sheet 217 or 317. In contrastto FIG. 14 it is advantageous according to FIG. 17 for the outsidedimensions of the respective thermal conductive sheet 217 or 317 to besuch that the side edges 24 are inside the basic part.

The plate construction 502 as shown in FIG. 18 is similar, saidconstruction namely also being capable of accommodating a second heatingline 1 above the middle line 28. In this case the thermal conductivesheet 417 according to the right side of FIG. 18 is to be selected;otherwise the left thermal conductive sheet 517 can be used. Forcovering the box-like plate construction 502 a cover part 613 isforeseen, the side edges of which are slightly springing and furnishedwith a bead 29 corresponding to the side walls 15 or 16 (see FIG. 14) toform a snap connection.

In FIG. 19 the thermal conductive sheet 317 (see left side in FIG. 17)is shown magnified. In the area of a collective duct 111 or 211 it canbe advantageous to foresee edgings 30 at the end of such a thermalconductive sheet 317 to deflect the air flow. These edgings are bentdownwards if the air is to be supplied to a collective duct 111 locatedat a lower position (see FIG. 14); conversely, for the collective duct211 the edgings 30 can point upwards. It is also noted here again thatthe thermal conductive sheet according to FIG. 19 is shown with smoothsurfaces, but that if desired it is furnished with ribs, beads orcorrugations on at least one of its surfaces. In the construction shownhowever, good clamping of the heating line and good heat transfer areachieved simply by the recess 26 providing a slightly springingenclosure over the heating line (not shown) by more than 180 degrees.The thermal conductive sheet does not need to run through the entireplate construction, but rather short, prefabricated sections can bearranged in intervals. Even though due to the larger surface a sheet ispreferred, the fixation of the heating line 1 can also possibly beeffected with correspondingly shaped wire clips.

In the scope of the invention a large number of modifications arepossible; for example in place of an edge plate 103 the correspondingprofile can be hammered or milled in the floor. In addition, thebox-like plate constructions and/or the thermal conductive sheet can beaffixed by glueing, e.g. with a two-component cement. In this case itmight be expedient to foresee in the area of the respective side wall 15or 16 a neighboring parallel wall, at least as a U-shaped branching inthe upper area, in which case the side edges 24 or the correspondingedges of the matching basic part is inserted between both walls andglued to them. In addition, the plate constructions, e.g. the lowerbasic part thereof, can be made of a non-metallic material to insulatethe heat downward, while the metal part is foreseen on the upper side.The web plates 14 can possibly be separate installable metal parts toprovide the heat transfer to the ducts at the sides 12.

Moreover, it is by no means necessary to construct the box sections toaccommodate heating lines only at one point. FIG. 20 shows that a singlebox section 802 can also be constructed to accommodate two heating lines1 next to one another, in which case the lower part 813 similar to thecross section shown in FIG. 15 has a meandering shape, which lendsitself to manufacture. About in the middle the lower part 813 has arelatively narrow slot 36, shown here excessively wide in relation tothe other dimensions for purposes of clarity, into which a bead 35 ofthe thermal conductive sheet 617 can be inserted. For improved fixationof the thermal conductive sheet 617 the slot 36 might be expandeddownward and also the bead widened somewhat at its free end, so that itfits into the slot 36 with a snap seating. The recesses 26 of thethermal conductive sheet 617 are also configured such that they enclosethe respective heating line 1 with springing action more than 180degrees. The height H of the box section 802 corresponds in turn nearlyto the cross sectional height of the heating line 1, although in FIGS.15 to 18 and 20 only for purposes of clarity distinct air gaps areexaggeratingly drawn between the lines corresponding to the basic partand the thermal conductive sheet.

Further possible modifications can foresee that the box sectioncomprises two laterally telescoping parts instead of a lower and anupper part.

What I claim is:
 1. In an installation for tempering a room of abuilding, a wall defining said room and comprising an outer layer facingsaid room, an inner layer looking away from said room, an interspacebetween said inner and outer layers, elongated tempering means withinsaid interspace, spacing wall means disposed between the inner and outerlayers on opposite sides of the tempering means, thermal conductivesheet means extending between said spacing wall means to be supported bysaid inner layer in thermal conductive connection with said outer layer,thereby bridging said interspace and defining, at least in part, aconduit for conveying air at one side of said interspace which facessaid inner layer, said sheet means including a first surface sectionbeing in thermal conductive connection with said tempering means, and asecond surface section exposed to the air conveyed within said conduit,said second surface section having a surface area at least twice thesurface area of said first surface section.
 2. An installation asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said sheet means comprise means defining abox section of substantially rectangular cross section defining at leastpartly said conduit and receiving said elongated tempering means, thelarger dimension of said box section rectangular in cross section beingparallel to said inner and outer layers.
 3. An installation as claimedin claim 2, wherein said means defining a box section are composed of atleast two separate parts.
 4. An installation as claimed in claim 3,wherein said box section comprises an inner part to be arranged adjacentsaid inner layer, and an outer part to be arranged adjacent said outerlayer, said inner and outer parts being joined together.
 5. Aninstallation as claimed in claim 2, further comprising positiveconnection means on said means defining a box section.
 6. Aninstallation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said interspace comprisesfirst channel means at least partly defined by said sheet means andhousing said elongated tempering means, and second channel meansconveying air and being thermal conductive connection with said sheetmeans.
 7. An installation as claimed in claim 6, wherein said secondchannel means extend across said elongated tempering means and have alarger cross-sectional area than the latters.
 8. An installation asclaimed in claim 7, wherein said elongated tempering means are bent backwithin said second channel means.
 9. An installation as claimed in claim1, wherein said interspace has at least one orifice within said buildingfor air circulation.
 10. An installation as claimed in claim 1, whereinsaid means forming an interspace comprise means defining a groove forreceiving and holding said elongated tempering means.
 11. Aninstallation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between theinner and the outer layer is essentially equal to or only slightlydeviating from the transverse dimension of the tempering means measuredin the direction of the wall thickness.